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Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. An endotracheal tube is a flexible plastic tube that is placed through the mouth into the trachea windpipe to help a patient breathe.
The endotracheal tube is then connected to a ventilator, which delivers oxygen to the lungs. The process of inserting the tube is called endotracheal intubation. There are many reasons why an endotracheal tube may be placed, including surgery with a general anesthetic, trauma, or serious illness.
Learn about the procedure, potential risks and complications, and what you might expect. An endotracheal tube is placed when a patient is unable to breathe on their own, when it is necessary to sedate and "rest" someone who is very ill, or to protect the airway. The tube maintains the airway so that air can pass into and out of the lungs. There are a number of indications for placement of an endotracheal tube that can be broken down into a few broad categories.
These include:. General surgery: With general anesthesia , the muscles of the body including the diaphragm are paralyzed, and placing an endotracheal tube allows the ventilator to do the work of breathing.
Foreign body removal: If the trachea is obstructed by a foreign body that is aspirated breathed in , an endotracheal tube may be placed to help with the removal of the foreign object. To protect the airway against aspiration: If someone has a massive gastrointestinal bleed bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, or upper intestine or suffers a stroke, an endotracheal tube may be placed to help prevent the stomach contents from entering the airways.
If the stomach contents are accidentally breathed in, a person may develop aspiration pneumonia, a very serious and potentially life-threatening disease.
To visualize the airway: If an abnormality of the larynx, trachea, or bronchi is suspected, such as a tumor or a congenital malformation birth defect , an endotracheal tube may be placed to allow careful visualization of the airways. After surgery: After surgery on the chest such as lung cancer surgery or heart surgery, an endotracheal tube connected to a ventilator may be left in place to help with breathing after surgery.
In this case, a person may be "weaned" from the ventilator at some time during recovery. To support breathing : If someone is having difficulty breathing due to pneumonia, a pneumothorax collapse of a lung , respiratory failure or impending respiratory failure, heart failure, or unconsciousness due to an overdose, stroke, or brain injury, an endotracheal tube may be placed to support breathing.
Some medical conditions especially neurological conditions can result in full or partial paralysis of the diaphragm and may require respiratory support. Examples include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , Guillain-Barre syndrome , and botulism.
The diaphragm may also become paralyzed due to damage or pressure on the phrenic nerve related to trauma or a tumor in the chest. When sedation is required: If strong sedatives are needed, such as when a person is very ill, an endotracheal tube may be placed to assist with breathing until the sedatives can be discontinued.
In premature babies: Respiratory distress in premature babies often requires placement of an endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilation. When a higher concentration of oxygen is needed: Endotracheal tube placement and mechanical ventilation allows for the delivery of higher concentrations of oxygen than found in room air.
If you will be having surgery with a general anesthetic, quitting smoking even a day or two before the surgery can lower your risk of complications. Endotracheal tubes are flexible tubes that can be made from a number of different materials. Though latex tubes are not commonly used, it's important to let your healthcare provider know if you have a latex allergy.
Endotracheal tubes come in a number of different sizes ranging from 2. In general, a 7. Newborns often require a 3. In an emergency, healthcare providers often guess at the right size, while in the operating room the size is often chosen based on age and body weight.
Single and double lumen tubes are available, with single lumen tubes often used for lung surgery so that one lung can be ventilated during surgery on the other lung.
Before an endotracheal tube is placed, your jewelry should be removed, especially tongue piercings. People should not eat or drink before surgery for at least six hours to reduce the risk of aspiration during intubation. The procedure for placing an endotracheal tube will vary depending on whether a person is conscious or not. An endotracheal tube is often placed when a patient is unconscious. If a patient is conscious, medications are used to ease anxiety while the tube is placed and until it is removed.
Precise steps are usually used during intubation. First, the patient is preoxygenated with percent oxygen ideal is five minutes to give the intubator more time to intubate.
An oral airway may be used to keep the tongue of the way and reduce the chance that the patient will bite the ET tube. During surgery, the anesthesiologist will want to make sure the patient is completely paralyzed before inserting the tube to reduce the chance of vomiting during placement and subsequent complications.
With patients who are awake, and anti-nausea drug antiemetic may be used to decrease the gag reflex, and anesthesia may be used to numb the throat. In some cases, a nasogastric tube may need to be placed before intubation, especially if blood or vomit is present in the patient's mouth. However, like any procedure, it does have some risks. In this article, learn about when doctors use intubation, how the procedure works, and what side effects are possible.
This is a common procedure, carried out in operating rooms and emergency rooms around the world. There are several different types of intubation. Doctors classify them based on the location of the tube and what it is trying to accomplish. The intubation procedure will vary depending on its purpose and whether it occurs in an operating room or an emergency situation.
In the operating room or another controlled setting, a doctor will typically sedate the person, using an anesthetic. The doctor uses the laryngoscope to locate sensitive tissues, such as the vocal cords, and avoid damaging them. If the doctor is having trouble seeing, they may insert a tiny camera to help guide them. In the operating room, doctors usually use intubation to help a person breathe while they are under anesthesia. The tube is typically attached to a ventilator.
Emergency intubation can have some risks. For example, some research indicates that emergency tracheal intubation can be risky because of the high-pressure environment and the fact that the individual may not be as stable as a person in an operating theater. Complications are more likely to occur if a doctor performs intubation in an emergency. However, it is vital to remember that intubation can be a life-saving procedure in these cases.
In rare cases, a person may experience post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD , especially if they were not fully sedated or psychologically prepared for the procedure. Finally, anesthesia also has some risks. Get the facts and learn about controversies…. Cryptococcal meningitis is a fungal infection and inflammation of the membranes covering your spinal cord and brain. Lean more. Laryngectomy is the surgical removal of the larynx. It's done to treat certain conditions, including cancer.
An incentive spirometer is a device that can help you strengthen your lungs. Learn how it works, who it helps, and where to get one. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Endotracheal Intubation. How is endotracheal intubation done? Share on Pinterest. Why is endotracheal intubation done? What are the risks of endotracheal intubation? How do I prepare for endotracheal intubation? What to expect after endotracheal intubation. Read this next. Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.
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