With an incision in his left elbow crease, Dr. Forssmann identified the predominant vein and inserted the cm-long ureteral tube into his arm, feeling progressive painless warmth as the tube coursed along. He had determined this was the only tube thin and long enough to safely and adequately reach the endocardium. However he still needed her help to conceal the tube hanging out of his arm. They went—tube in place—to the fluoroscopic X-ray facility, where images were obtained in the hospital basement.
The initial X-ray clearly indicated that the tube had not yet reached its destination. Forssmann forced the tube farther, resisting at one point the overwhelming urge to cough when the tube collided against his vein. When the tube was shown to be in the right auricle Dr. Forssmann had the technician snap the picture, finally obtaining the proof that he needed. Forssmann uneventfully removed the tube.
The real incident involved in this daring experiment was to come: Dr. Forssmann had to face the reactions—not only of his mentor Dr. Schneider, but also the medical community. The majority was ostensibly displeased with his methods, rationale, and approach, believing them too dangerous. After repeated self-experiments, Dr.
Forssmann learned that his self-cath procedure could be safely performed; he submitted his findings with fluoroscopic proof to the German medical community at large.
At least one prior researcher, the surgeon Ernst Unger, repudiated Dr. Despite the rising tide of opposition to his findings, Dr. Forssmann pushed on. His subsequent experiments with rabbits and dogs and ultimately himself proved that catheterization angiography could not be achieved with simply sodium iodide.
He developed the use of groin catheterization to reach the inferior vena cava through the femoral veins. Werner Forssmann and his wife, also a doctor, had six children. In the physician Werner Forssmann saw a picture in a book showing how a tube was inserted into the heart of a horse through a vein.
A balloon at the other end of the tube showed changes in pressure. He was convinced that a similar experiment could be carried out on people. Despite the fact that his boss forbade him, Werner Forssmann conducted the experiment on himself. From the crook of his arm he inserted a thin catheter through a vein into his heart and took an X-ray photo.
However, the 19th century represented the golden age of cardiovascular physiology, highlighted by the achievements of Carl Ludwig, Etienne-Jules Marey and Claude Bernard, among others. Human cardiac catheterization developed during the 20th century.
The first right heart catheterization in a human was performed by Werner Forssmann on himself in
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