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Laboratory Diagnostic Testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Expert Consultation Meeting Summary Report. January , Atlanta, GA. Most people don't have symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can include pain when you urinate, cloudy urine, or an abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina. You can spread chlamydia even if you do not have symptoms.
You are contagious until you have been treated. Your doctor will ask you questions about your past health and your sexual history, such as how many partners you have. You may also have a physical exam to look for signs of infection. Several types of tests can be used to diagnose chlamydia.
Most use a sample of urine or a swab from the cervix, vagina, or urethra. Since chlamydia can cause serious problems but may not cause symptoms, it's a good idea to get tested once a year if you are sexually active and in your mids or younger. Local health departments and family planning clinics usually offer low-cost testing.
Antibiotics are used to treat chlamydia. It's important to take all of the medicine as directed. Otherwise the medicine may not work.
Both sex partners need treatment to keep from passing the infection back and forth. As soon as you find out you have chlamydia, be sure to let your sex partners know. Experts recommend that you notify everyone you've had sex with in the past 2 months. If you have not had sex in the past 2 months, contact the last person you had sex with.
Having a chlamydia infection that was cured does not protect you from getting it again. If you are treated and your sex partner is not, you probably will get it again. Some people who have chlamydia also have other STIs, such as gonorrhea. Finding out that you have an STI may make you feel bad about yourself or about sex. Counseling or a support group may help you feel better. It's easier to prevent an STI like chlamydia than it is to treat it:.
Chlamydia infection is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner. A pregnant woman may spread the infection to her newborn during delivery. You can spread chlamydia even if you do not have symptoms of infection. You can spread the infection until you have been treated. Most women and men with chlamydia do not have symptoms. The time between exposure to chlamydia and the start of symptoms—the incubation period—may range from days to months.
If symptoms appear, it is usually 1 to 3 weeks after sexual contact with an infected person. Chlamydia does not cause long-term problems if it is treated before any complications develop. Left untreated, chlamydia can lead to many complications, especially for women. If a woman has chlamydia when she gives birth, her newborn can be infected. Having a chlamydia infection that was cured does not protect you from a future infection.
A new exposure to chlamydia will reinfect you, even if you were treated and cured. Having chlamydia increases your risk of becoming infected with human immunodeficiency virus HIV if you are exposed to the virus.
Untreated chlamydia can cause a variety of complications. Any child with chlamydia needs to be seen by a doctor to determine the cause and to assess for possible sexual abuse. For more information, see the topic Child Abuse and Neglect. Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if you have these chlamydia symptoms:.
Also call if you think you may have been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection STI. Watchful waiting is a period of time during which you and your doctor observe your symptoms or condition without using medical treatment. Watchful waiting is not appropriate for a chlamydia infection. Chlamydia causes no long-term problems if it is treated before any complications develop.
But untreated chlamydia can lead to many complications. Avoid sexual contact until you have been examined by your doctor. If you know you have been exposed to chlamydia, you and your sex partner or partners need to be treated. You need to be treated even if you don't have symptoms. Notify all partners with whom you had sex in the 60 days since your symptoms or diagnosis.
If you have not had sex in the last 60 days, contact your last sex partner. Health professionals who can diagnose chlamydia include:.
Low-cost diagnosis and treatment of chlamydia are usually available at local health departments and family planning clinics, such as Planned Parenthood. Some people are not comfortable seeing their usual doctor for an STI.
Most counties have confidential clinics for diagnosing and treating chlamydia and other STIs. But for your future care it would be good for your doctor to know of this infection. A doctor diagnoses chlamydia using a medical history, a physical exam, and tests. During the medical history, your doctor may ask you questions such as:. Several types of tests can be used to diagnose a chlamydia infection. Test results are usually done in 2 to 3 days, except for the chlamydia culture.
It can take 5 to 7 days. Other infections can occur along with a chlamydia infection. Your doctor may recommend testing for:. The U. High-risk sexual behaviors include having multiple sex partners or having sex without using a condom except if you're in a long-term relationship. The task force does not state how often to be screened. After reviewing all of the research, the USPSTF has not recommended for or against regular chlamydia screening for men. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC recommends screening every year for sexually active adolescents and women ages 24 and younger.
Women older than 24 who have high-risk sexual behaviors also should be screened every year. The CDC recommends tests for pregnant women with high-risk sexual behaviors so they do not spread chlamydia to their babies.
All pregnant women should be screened during their first prenatal visit. If a pregnant woman is at high risk for chlamydia, she may be tested again during her third trimester. The CDC also recommends you have the test again 3 to 12 months after you finish treatment. Women who have been diagnosed and treated for chlamydia may get it again if they have sex with the same partner or partners. Chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics.
The infection does not cause long-term problems if it is treated early. It is important to not have sex for 7 days after the start of treatment for chlamydia. If you are treated for chlamydia and your sex partner is not, you will probably become infected again. Encourage your partner to get treated. Use condoms to lower the chance of reinfection. Some people who have chlamydia may also have gonorrhea.
In that case, treatment includes antibiotics that kill both chlamydia and gonorrhea. In women, an untreated infection can spread to your uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease PID. PID can cause permanent damage to your reproductive system. This can lead to long-term pelvic pain , infertility , and ectopic pregnancy. Women who have had chlamydia infections more than once are at higher risk of serious reproductive health complications.
Men often don't have health problems from chlamydia. Sometimes it can infect the epididymis the tube that carries sperm. This can cause pain, fever, and, rarely, infertility. Both men and women can develop reactive arthritis because of a chlamydia infection. Reactive arthritis is a type of arthritis that happens as a "reaction" to an infection in the body. Babies born to infected mothers can get eye infections and pneumonia from chlamydia.
It may also make it more likely for your baby to be born too early. Antibiotics will cure the infection. You may get a one-time dose of the antibiotics, or you may need to take medicine every day for 7 days. Antibiotics cannot repair any permanent damage that the disease has caused.
To prevent spreading the disease to your partner, you should not have sex until the infection has cleared up. If you got a one-time dose of antibiotics, you should wait 7 days after taking the medicine to have sex again. If you have to take medicine every day for 7 days, you should not have sex again until you have finished taking all of the doses of your medicine. It is common to get a repeat infection, so you should get tested again about three months after treatment.
Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading chlamydia. If your or your partner is allergic to latex , you can use polyurethane condoms. The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.
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