Bradford did not repeat the reference nor did he use "Pilgrim" as a label or title for the English in Plymouth Colony. More than years later, this quotation was applied to everyone in Plymouth Colony, including those who were not part of the Leiden congregation.
The name gained popularity in the s and remains in common usage today. Museum guests often question the unusual spelling of Plymouth in Plimoth Patuxet. Plimoth is an old-fashioned spelling used by Governor William Bradford within his history of the colony, Of Plymouth Plantation.
This spelling was adopted to differentiate the Museum from the modern town of Plymouth. There were no rules for the spelling of English words in the early 17th century, and each writer did as he or she pleased, phonetically spelling the word as seemed fit — sometimes differently on a single page.
Plymouth is spelled a number of ways in colonial documents, including Plymouth, Plimouth, Plymoth, and Plimoth. When Plimoth Plantation was founded, it was decided to use Governor Bradford's most common usage, Plimoth.
Welcome To The 17th Century! What will you do at the 17th-Century English Village? Photos by Kathy Tarantola Photography. Is this the original site of the Village? How long does it take to visit the 17th-Century English Village? Will there be someone to talk to in every house in the Village? Will there be costumed children in the 17th-Century English Village? Will I find a role player portraying my ancestor? What happens when the weather is bad?
Did the English colonists call themselves Pilgrims? Speedwell and Mayflower — a ship rented by the investors — departed for America together.
After twice turning back to England because Speedwell leaked, they were forced to leave the ship. As a result, many families were divided when some passengers had to be turned back for lack of space. A month after first leaving England, on September 6, , Mayflower set out alone with passengers. Mayflower arrived in New England on November 11, after a voyage of 66 days. Although the Pilgrims had originally intended to settle near the Hudson River in New York, dangerous shoals and poor winds forced the ship to seek shelter at Cape Cod.
Because it was so late in the year and travel around Cape Cod was proving difficult, the passengers decided not to sail further and to remain in New England. It was here, in Cape Cod Bay, that most of the adult men on the ship signed the document that we know as the Mayflower Compact. A party of the most able men began exploring the area to find a suitable place to settle. After several weeks, the exploring party arrived at what appeared to be an abandoned Wampanoag community.
The plentiful water supply, good harbor, cleared fields, and location on a hill made the area a favorable place for settlement.
Mayflower arrived in Plymouth Harbor on December 16, and the colonists began building their town. While houses were being built, the group continued to live on the ship. Many of the colonists fell ill. They were probably suffering from scurvy and pneumonia caused by a lack of shelter in the cold, wet weather. Although the Pilgrims were not starving, their sea-diet was very high in salt, which weakened their bodies on the long journey and during that first winter.
As many as two or three people died each day during their first two months on land. Only 52 people survived the first year in Plymouth. When Mayflower left Plymouth on April 5, , she was sailed back to England by only half of her crew. In March , they made a treaty of mutual protection with the Pokanoket Wampanoag leader, Ousamequin also known as Massasoit to the Pilgrims.
The treaty had six points. Neither party would harm the other. If anything was stolen, it would be returned and the offending person returned to his own people for punishment.
Both sides agreed to leave their weapons behind when meeting, and the two groups would serve as allies in times of war. Their leader, Massasoit, welcomed the English. The Pilgrims left England to seek religious freedom, or simply to find a better life. After a period in Holland, they set sail from Plymouth, England, on Sept. The Mayflower dropped anchor near present-day Provincetown on Nov. By legend the Pilgrims stepped ashore at Plymouth Rock; their records do not mention this landmark.
Settlers began erecting buildings and rough shelters for the winter. But harsh climate and illness took their toll. By the end of winter half the colonists had died. The colonists encountered the Indian Samoset, who surprised them by speaking English, learned from English traders on the coast of Maine. Samoset introduced the colonists to Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoag Indians, who signed a peace treaty with the Pilgrims.
Squanto, another English-speaking Indian, acted as guide and interpreter, and with his help the colonists learned to plant corn, catch fish, and gather fruit. The Pilgrims invited the Indians to celebrate their first harvest in , an event now celebrated as Thanksgiving Day. After Massasoit's death, the Wampanoag joined a tribal coalition to eliminate English settlers, but in the ensuing King Philip's War the Wampanoag were nearly exterminated.
The colony gradually grew in size, and the original settlement known as the Plimoth Plantation expanded as settlers built houses in the area. Plymouth Colony retained its independence for over 70 years, and by its population exceeded 7, Covenant A binding agreement or compact; in the Bible, God's promise to the human race.
Here are some topics to explore that relate to the Plymouth Colony. Looking at the articles, images, and other materials in this Research Starter may give you more ideas. Each topic has one or more articles to start you on your research, but remember that it takes more than one article to make a research paper. Continue your research with our list of articles below.
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