Medicines that have DXM in them come as syrups, capsules, pills, or throat lozenges. Dextromethorphan-containing products — tablets, capsules, gel caps, lozenges, and syrups — are labeled DM, cough suppressant, or Tuss or contain "tuss" in the title. When people take too much DXM, they might have hallucinations and "out-of-body" sensations. DXM also depresses brain function, particularly the parts of the brain that control breathing and heart function.
Taking a lot of DXM causes hallucinations and out-of-body sensations similar to the ones caused by drugs like ketamine and PCP. The effects can last up to 6 hours. But that can vary. It depends on how much DXM is taken and what other drugs or chemicals are taken along with it. Regular abuse of DXM at high doses can lead to a chemical psychosis. They may need to be treated in a hospital.
They may also need to take medicine. As a parent, you should warn your children about the dangers of abusing OTC medicines. Some teens believe that OTC medicines are safer to abuse because they are legal. Watch the OTC medicines in your home.
Keep track of how much medicine is in each bottle. Don't allow your children to keep OTC medicines in their bedroom, backpack, or school locker. Watch your children's internet use, keeping an eye out for websites visited that discuss OTC or other drug abuse. Misusing or abusing cough and cold syrup can be dangerous or even lethal. Cough syrup should ideally be used for extreme coughs, says Dr. Cough drops, honey, and warm drinks are alternatives that she suggests before reaching for cough syrup.
Brown also recommends benzonatate as an alternative, a prescription cough suppressant that works to numb the throat. Some of the potentially addictive ingredients that can be found in cough and cold syrup include dextromethorphan DXM , hydrocodone, and codeine. The list below includes some of the most common cough and cold medications that contain these ingredients.
If your teen has been sick, you might not be alarmed if you spot a bottle of Robitussin DM in her backpack along with school supplies. Cough syrup has been available for decades, and the issue of cough syrup addiction, particularly in teens, has been an ongoing and persistent problem. At high doses, a person may have hallucinations or feelings of physical distortion, extreme panic, paranoia, anxiety, and aggression.
Loperamide In the short-term, loperamide is sometimes misused to lessen cravings and withdrawal symptoms; however, it can cause euphoria, similar to other opioids.
Loperamide misuse can also lead to fainting, stomach pain, constipation, eye changes, and loss of consciousness. It can cause the heart to beat erratically or rapidly, or cause kidney problems. These effects may increase if taken with other medicines that interact with loperamide. Other effects have not been well studied and reports are mixed, but the physical consequences of loperamide misuse can be severe.
Yes, a person can overdose on cold medicines containing DXM or loperamide. An overdose occurs when a person uses enough of the drug to produce a life-threatening reaction or death Read more on our Intentional vs. Unintentional Overdose Deaths webpage. As with other opioids, when people overdose on DXM or loperamide, their breathing often slows or stops. This can decrease the amount of oxygen that reaches the brain, a condition called hypoxia.
Hypoxia can have short- and long-term mental effects and effects on the nervous system, including coma and permanent brain damage and death. A person who has overdosed needs immediate medical attention. Call If the person has stopped breathing or if breathing is weak, begin CPR.
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