After the operation, you won't be able to drive for 1 week, so you'll need to arrange for someone to drive you home from hospital. Read more about recovering from a coronary angioplasty. A stent is a short, wire-mesh tube that acts like a scaffold to help keep your artery open. There are 2 main types of stent:. The biggest drawback of using bare metal stents is that, in some cases, the arteries begin to narrow again.
This is because the immune system sees the stent as a foreign body and attacks it, causing swelling and excessive tissue growth around the stent. It's possible to avoid this problem by using drug-eluting stents. However, this also delays the healing of the coronary artery around the stent and means it's vitally important to keep taking blood thinning treatment for up to 1 year after the procedure. This helps reduce the risk of a blood clot blocking the stent suddenly and causing a heart attack.
Once a drug-eluting stent is in place, the medication is released over time into the area most likely to become blocked again. The 2 most researched types of medication are:. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICE recommends that drug-eluting stents should be considered if the artery being treated is less than 3mm in diameter or the affected section of the artery is longer than 15mm, because evidence suggests the risk of re-narrowing is highest in these cases.
Before your procedure, discuss the benefits and risks of each type of stent with your cardiologist. If you have a stent, you'll also need to take certain medications to help reduce the risk of blood clots forming around the stent. These include:. You can choose where to have your treatment. Ask your GP if they can recommend a hospital with experienced cardiology staff who perform large numbers of angioplasties each year.
The cardiologist that carries out the procedure is a specialist known as an "interventional cardiologist". Page last reviewed: 28 August Next review due: 28 August The operation A coronary angioplasty usually takes place in a room called a catheterisation laboratory, rather than in an operating theatre.
Going home A coronary angioplasty often involves an overnight stay in hospital, but many people can go home on the same day if the procedure is straightforward. Radiation exposure during pregnancy may lead to birth defects. Tell your healthcare team of all prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, herbs, and supplements that you are taking.
Tell your healthcare team if you have a history of bleeding disorders or if you are taking any blood-thinning medicines anticoagulant or antiplatelet , aspirin, or other medicines that affect blood clotting. You may need to stop some of these medicines before the procedure. But for planned angioplasty procedures, your doctor may want you to continue taking aspirin and antiplatelet medicines, so be sure to ask.
Your provider may request a blood test before the procedure to find out how long it takes your blood to clot. Other blood tests may be done as well.
Angioplasty may be done as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your doctor's practices. Most people who have angioplasty and stent placement are monitored overnight in the hospital.
You will be asked to remove any jewelry or other objects that may interfere with the procedure. You may wear your dentures or hearing aid if you use either of these.
If there is a lot of hair at the area of the catheter insertion often the groin area , the hair may be shaved off. An IV intravenous line will be started in your hand or arm before the procedure. It will be used for injection of medicine and to give IV fluids, if needed. You will be connected to an electrocardiogram ECG monitor that records the electrical activity of your heart and monitors your heart rate using electrodes that stick to your skin.
Your vital signs heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and oxygen level will be monitored during the procedure. There will be several monitor screens in the room, showing your vital signs, the images of the catheter being moved through your body into your heart, and the structures of your heart as the dye is injected.
You will get a sedative in your IV to help you relax. However, you will likely stay awake during the procedure. Your pulses below the catheter insertion site will be checked and marked so that the circulation to the limb below the site can easily be checked during and after the procedure.
Local anesthesia will be injected into the skin at the insertion site. This may be in your leg, arm, or wrist. You may feel some stinging at the site for a few seconds after the local anesthetic is injected.
Once the local anesthesia has taken effect, a sheath, or introducer, will be put into the blood vessel often at the groin. This is a plastic tube through which the catheter will be threaded into the blood vessel and advanced into the heart. The catheter will be threaded through the sheath into the blood vessel. The doctor will advance the catheter through the aorta into the heart. Fluoroscopy will be used to help see the catheter advance into the heart.
The catheter will be threaded into the coronary arteries. Once the catheter is in place, contrast dye will be injected through the catheter into your coronary arteries in order to see the narrowed area s. You may feel some effects when the contrast dye is injected into the IV line. These effects include a flushing sensation, a salty or metallic taste in the mouth, or a brief headache. These effects usually last only a few moments.
Tell your doctor if you feel any breathing trouble, sweating, numbness, itching, nausea or vomiting, chills, or heart palpitations. After the contrast dye is injected, a series of rapid X-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries will be taken. You may be asked to take in a deep breath and hold it for a few seconds during this time.
When the doctor locates the narrowed artery, the catheter will be advanced to that location and the balloon will be inflated to open the artery.
You may have some chest pain or discomfort at this point because the blood flow is temporarily blocked by the inflated balloon. Any chest discomfort or pain should go away when the balloon is deflated. However, if you notice any continued discomfort or pain, such as chest pain, neck or jaw pain, back pain, arm pain, shortness of breath, or breathing trouble, tell your doctor right away. The doctor may inflate and deflate the balloon several times.
The decision may be made at this point to put in a stent to keep the artery open. In some cases, the stent may be put into the artery before the balloon is inflated. Then the inflation of the balloon will open the artery and fully expand the stent. The doctor will take measurements, pictures, or angiograms after the artery has been opened.
Once it has been determined that the artery is opened sufficiently, the catheter will be removed. The sheath or introducer is taken out and the insertion site may be closed with a closure device that uses collagen to seal the opening in the artery, by the use of sutures, or by applying manual pressure over the area to keep the blood vessel from bleeding. Your doctor will decide which method is best for you.
If a closure device is used, a sterile dressing will be applied to the site. If manual pressure is used, the doctor or an assistant will hold pressure on the insertion site so that a clot will form on the outside of the blood vessel to prevent bleeding. Once the bleeding has stopped, a very tight bandage will be placed on the site. Staff will help you slide from the table onto a stretcher so that you can be taken to the recovery area.
NOTE: If the insertion was in the groin, you will not be allowed to bend your leg for several hours. You'll need to continue healthy lifestyle habits and take medications as prescribed by your doctor. If you have symptoms similar to those you had before coronary angioplasty, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, contact your doctor. If you have chest pain at rest or pain that doesn't respond to nitroglycerin, call or emergency medical help.
Successful angioplasty also means you might not have to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery, a more invasive procedure that requires a longer recovery time. Our patients tell us that the quality of their interactions, our attention to detail and the efficiency of their visits mean health care like they've never experienced. See the stories of satisfied Mayo Clinic patients. Greg VanBellinger knew from family history that he was at risk for heart disease, but as a fitness enthusiast who stayed on top of his medical appointments, he believed his heart was in good shape.
An offhand decision to participate in a fitness evaluation at Mayo Clinic, however, revealed that Greg's heart was not as [ Photo courtesy of William Jenks Photography After a year history of heart disease that's included a heart attack and stent placements to clear blocked arteries, coronary bypass surgery at Mayo Clinic has helped Trip Hedrick continue pursuing his competitive swimming goals.
Looking at him and knowing his competitive swimming background, Clay "Trip" Hedrick seems to [ Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Coronary angioplasty AN-jee-o-plas-tee , also called percutaneous coronary intervention, is a procedure used to open clogged heart arteries.
Development of atherosclerosis Open pop-up dialog box Close. Development of atherosclerosis If you have too many cholesterol particles in your blood, cholesterol may accumulate on your artery walls.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Coronary artery stent Open pop-up dialog box Close. Coronary artery stent When placing a coronary artery stent, your doctor will find a blockage in your heart's arteries A. Impromptu Evaluation Uncovers Life-Threatening Heart Disease Greg VanBellinger knew from family history that he was at risk for heart disease, but as a fitness enthusiast who stayed on top of his medical appointments, he believed his heart was in good shape.
Heart Surgery Keeps Trip Hedrick Swimming Strong Photo courtesy of William Jenks Photography After a year history of heart disease that's included a heart attack and stent placements to clear blocked arteries, coronary bypass surgery at Mayo Clinic has helped Trip Hedrick continue pursuing his competitive swimming goals.
Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Faxon DP, et al. Percutaneous coronary interventions and other interventional procedures. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.
McGraw-Hill Education; Accessed Aug. Percutaneous coronary intervention. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Angioplasty and vascular stenting. Radiological Society of North America. Carrozza JP, et al. Periprocedural complications of percutaneous coronary intervention.
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